The optimal solution for unit commitment problem using binary hybrid grey wolf optimizer

The aim of this work is to solve the unit commitment (UC) problem in power systems by calculating minimum production cost for the power generation and finding the best distribution of the generation among the units (units scheduling) using binary grey wolf optimizer based on particle swarm optimization (BGWOPSO) algorithm. The minimum production cost calculating is based on using the quadratic programming method and represents the global solution that must be arriving by the BGWOPSO algorithm then appearing units status (on or off). The suggested method was applied on “39 bus IEEE test systems”, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the suggested method over other algorithms in terms of minimizing of production cost and suggesting excellent scheduling of units

Bounded message delay with threshold time constraint in delay tolerant networks (DTNs)

© 2016 IEEE. Routing in previous research works for bounded delay in Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) tried their best to impose bounded delay on the message delivery. However, the existing routing protocols had a lot of issues due to the infinite buffer size and bandwidth assumption, where these resources are limited in realistic environment. In this paper, we modify and extend epidemic routing using ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to distribute message copies among the potential relay nodes to achieve the assigned threshold delay. In particular, we consider the delay requirements in DTNs by analyzing the relationship among the finite buffer threshold delivery delay and the selected relay nodes for packet forwarding. In addition, the proposed scheme defined a utility value in its message field for every forwarding relay node to update remaining TTL value each time. Furthermore, the scheme also utilize the buffer management model to further improve its performance. The considered performance metrics are delivery delay, delivery ratio and buffer occupancy (usage). Extensive simulation results show that the proposed scheme can minimize the delivery delay and uses less resource than epidemic routing to deliver the message timely in DTN environment

Fuzzy logic-based guaranteed lifetime protocol for real-time wireless sensor networks

© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Few techniques for guaranteeing a network lifetime have been proposed despite its great impact on network management. Moreover, since the existing schemes are mostly dependent on the combination of disparate parameters, they do not provide additional services, such as real-time communications and balanced energy consumption among sensor nodes; thus, the adaptability problems remain unresolved among nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To solve these problems, we propose a novel fuzzy logic model to provide real-time communication in a guaranteed WSN lifetime. The proposed fuzzy logic controller accepts the input descriptors energy, time and velocity to determine each node’s role for the next duration and the next hop relay node for real-time packets. Through the simulation results, we verified that both the guaranteed network’s lifetime and real-time delivery are efficiently ensured by the new fuzzy logic model. In more detail, the above-mentioned two performance metrics are improved up to 8%, as compared to our previous work, and 14% compared to existing schemes, respectively

Seed Treatment of Capsicum annuum with Two Different Fungicides to Evaluate the Seed Germination Rate

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is the fruit of plants, the Chili is susceptible for several diseases and seed borne fungi Phytophthora capsici which produces collar rot and root of chili. Seed borne pathogens are associated with untreated seeds of chili which are also significantly reduced the germination of seed. This experiment was conducted to find out the seed borne fungi and enhanced the germination of chili (Capsicum annuum) with two fungicides known as Mancozeb 80% WP and Carbendazim 50% WP. Effectiveness of these two fungicides were measured when the seeds planted on blotter paper in petri plates at 270C under lab conditions. These two fungicides significantly reduce the effect of seed borne fungi associated with chili seeds. Mancozeb 80% WP was found most effective to reduce the effect of seed borne fungi and increase the seed germination. Considering the results of the experiment, Mancozeb 80% WP was noted to be a best fungicide against the seed borne fungi. Keywords: Capsicum annuum, Mancozeb, Carbendazim, seed borne fungi, blotter paper. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-4-04 Publication date: February 29th 2020

Requirement Validation for Embedded Systems in Automotive Industry Through Modeling

Requirement validation contributes significantly toward the success of software projects. Validating requirements is also essential to ensure the correctness of embedded systems in the auto industry. The auto industry emphasizes a lot on the verification of car designs and shapes. Invalid or erroneous requirements lead to inappropriate designs and degraded product quality. Considering the required expertise and time for requirement validation, significant attention is not devoted to verification and validation of requirements in the industry. Currently, the failure ratio of software projects is significantly higher and the key reason for that appears to be the inappropriate and invalidated requirements at the early stages in the projects. To that end, we propose a model-based approach that uses the existing V&V model. Through virtual prototyping, the proposed approach eliminates the need to validate the requirements after each stage of the project. Consequently, the model is validated after the design phase and the errors in requirements are detected at the earliest stage. In this research, we performed two different case studies for requirement validation in the auto industry by using a modeling-based approach and formal technique using Petri nets. A benefit of the proposed modeling-based approach is that the projects in the auto industry domain can be completed in less time due to effective requirements validation. Moreover, the modeling-based approach minimizes the development time, cost and increases productivity because the majority of the code is automatically generated using the approach

Guaranteed lifetime protocol for IoT based wireless sensor networks with multiple constraints

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Over the past two decades, the subject of extension of the lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) has been thoroughly investigated by researcher. As WSN, and its new form based on IoT, are increasingly being deployed in time-critical applications, users require certain network lifetime guarantees to satisfy application requirements. Few research efforts in the past have focused on guaranteeing the IoT-based network lifetime. Most such efforts pay little or no attention to other network performance indicators such as sensing coverage and network connectivity. To address this challenge, this work proposes a new centralized approach that analyzes a network\u27s energy consumption to optimize node duty cycles. In the proposed scheme, the sink node periodically assigns an active/sleep role to each node for the next network cycle by coupling the residual energy, total active time, and possible coverage area to guarantee their lifetimes. We show through extensive simulation that the proposed guaranteed lifetime protocol achieves less average end-to-end delay and better packet delivery ratio when compared to its best rival protocols formulated in past research, i.e., the CERACC, A-Mac, and Coverage Preserving protocols

Evaluation of Currently Available Molecular Assays and Performance of Sampling Approaches for Detection of Sars-Cov-2 RNA

OBJECTIVES This study aims to identify the essential characteristics of diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 and to discuss the limitations of currently available tests and their impact on the test selection process. METHODOLOGY The current study was conducted at Mardan Medical Complex (MMC). One hundred nasopharyngeal-positive samples were collected from February to March 2021. Oropharyngeal swab OPS, sputum, and blood samples were collected from the participants to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. RNA extraction of SARS-CoV-2 was done using a BigFish auto extractor. A Qiagen Thermal Cycler was used for genome amplification. Five different molecular assays, namely COVSIGN (N gene) Spain, BGI (ORF1ab gene) China, Maccura(ORF1ab, E and N gene) China, R-GENE (RdRp and N genes) France and Genuru (N gene, S gene and ORF ab/1) were used. RESULTS100 % positivity was recorded in the sputum of all individuals, followed by 91 % OPS and 21% blood. The highest positivity rate for different genes was observed. ROC (Receiver operating characteristic curve) was developed through SPPS version 26.00 to compare the sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION By comparing the results of different diagnostic kits, it was found that BGI and Maccura are the most sensitive and specific for diagnostic purposes against COVID-19